{"id":"W4402097638","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104305","title":"A comprehensive review of AI-based methods used for forecasting ice jam floods occurrence, severity, timing, and location","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","topic":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Université Laval","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","keywords":"Environmental science; Meteorology; Climatology; Geology; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00158548,0.0003385688,0.001091443,0.0004867498,0.0003727213,0.00005026382,0.0006645724,0.0003638263,0.00001196577],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001863531,0.0002548741,0.00009981015,0.005331559,0.004485346,0.0001303763,0.0007312883,0.0004762051,0.000009904168],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001547934,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003858366,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001397961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004717676,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976206,0.000111236,0.0005647358,0.0009553599,0.0003042889,0.0004437406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983749,0.000430495,0.0003876634,0.0004922592,0.0002052181,0.0001094923],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001040169,0.00003501621,0.00001374641,0.04160912,0.00001501146,0.000004928584,0.00001914682,0.000008177092,0.00006027153,0.001155226,0.002244452,0.9548339],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009462876,0.0002092786,7.049981e-7,0.03357655,0.00052624,0.0001443583,0.000006925675,0.01054365,0.00006368403,0.00112595,0.953401,0.0003070302],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001069519,0.9916919,0.00514877,0.00108217,0.0001673025,0.001521136,0.00003326741,0.0001385603,0.0001098932],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003123565,0.9687931,0.03015809,0.0003460192,0.00001488882,0.0003053785,0.00001332104,0.00001936947,0.00003746635],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9545268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999903,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.137507442196314,"score_gpt":0.4127565936757182,"score_spread":0.2752491514794042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}