{"id":"W4402162076","doi":"10.1007/978-981-99-5634-0_33","title":"Circular Causation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Law, logistics, and international trade","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Cape Breton University","funders":"","keywords":"Causation; Philosophy; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003360827,0.0006667395,0.000773215,0.001803077,0.00438031,0.006086354,0.00122223,0.003577571,0.04679766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01202056,0.0005800478,0.0007614837,0.001623407,0.009759421,0.005573077,0.00253022,0.004408133,0.007206591],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004235755,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004187906,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008054109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008309116,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968697,0.001185261,0.0001018346,0.0008848071,0.0006742105,0.0002842329],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952633,0.002061868,0.0002526549,0.00139288,0.0008767743,0.0001523616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002764997,0.000003676588,0.0000653019,0.00001240544,0.000003161366,0.00001365639,0.0001272757,0.00006511148,0.00001646834,0.989448,0.007621955,0.002620287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004672492,0.000003755584,0.0001303313,0.00003774185,0.000004863927,0.0000520693,0.0001221943,0.000236645,0.00005795437,0.913857,0.08548874,0.000004082227],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.003262619,0.003741583,0.05034304,0.01439802,0.0008743252,0.0001181016,0.000448442,0.0001561765,0.9266577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4019226,0.0052983,0.02987429,0.0125047,0.001968791,0.0007718315,0.001000833,0.0004003068,0.5462583],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04679766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1565538,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04107657006202665,"score_gpt":0.2286550445275976,"score_spread":0.1875784744655709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}