{"id":"W4402275005","doi":"10.1002/alz.14174","title":"Personalizing progressive changes to brain structure in Alzheimer's disease using normative modeling","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Alzheimer s & Dementia","topic":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office; Eisai Incorporated; UCLH Biomedical Research Centre; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Medical Research Council; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Genentech; National Institutes of Health; H. Lundbeck A/S; Servier; Fujirebio Europe; Ministero della Salute; EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research; ZonMw; Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation; Weston Brain Institute; National Institute on Aging; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Northern California Institute for Research and Education; Pfizer; Biogen; BioClinica; F. Hoffmann-La Roche; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; University College London; University of Southern California; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; U.S. Department of Defense; Brain Research UK; Eli Lilly and Company; Bristol-Myers Squibb; British Heart Foundation; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company; AbbVie; Alzheimer's Association; Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; GE Healthcare; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","keywords":"Normative; Outlier; Magnetic resonance imaging; Cognition; Psychology; Hippocampus; Alzheimer's disease; Brain size; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; Neuroscience; Disease; Medicine; Cognitive impairment; Pathology; Radiology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003921454,0.0008004439,0.0005124879,0.001514148,0.0003529448,0.001314542,0.0008047225,0.0005475821,0.0007463799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01275264,0.000305783,0.0009407206,0.0008859226,0.0004728058,0.0008169248,0.0006709136,0.0004713788,0.0002341086],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001056716,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008745722,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02431812,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02537639,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991397,0.0003981689,0.0000436232,0.0002438582,0.00013863,0.00003605037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968975,0.00172478,0.0004314088,0.000394326,0.0004726283,0.00007947693],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004039136,0.0001607677,0.3078122,0.0001959086,0.0007344416,0.0003438163,0.0008223568,0.5190033,0.004801753,0.008199374,0.003857319,0.1536648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001659838,0.0001074271,0.04315517,0.00005860036,0.00008796151,0.0003419337,0.0001433804,0.9309791,0.001697851,0.02080296,0.002555986,0.00005296268],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5149019,0.001006543,0.4757548,0.0005613578,0.00005998934,0.0001770846,0.002358201,0.002203126,0.002977074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9305623,0.0002802857,0.06627301,0.00006572145,0.0000237831,0.0001322495,0.002083257,0.0001323643,0.0004470489],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02431812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04835314,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05306247798628271,"score_gpt":0.3601935747229987,"score_spread":0.307131096736716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}