{"id":"W4402323952","doi":"10.1155/2024/2357238","title":"Comparative Analysis of Water and Glycerin Emulsification: Particle Size, Stability, Engine Performance, and Emissions in Biodiesel Fuels","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Renewable Energy","topic":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Lakehead University","keywords":"Biodiesel; Environmental science; Particle size; Waste management; Alternative fuels; Materials science; Process engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Organic chemistry; Diesel fuel","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001804984,0.00007623812,0.0002410283,0.0002003656,0.00003107005,0.00002787835,0.00004841206,0.00003473373,0.00009854768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009029729,0.00005495962,0.00004011366,0.0005551998,0.00005713136,0.0001559722,0.00001904048,0.00007648719,4.39362e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002564834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001171491,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005727881,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001014982,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993649,0.00001767645,0.0003341029,0.00009419055,0.0000877043,0.000101463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996772,0.00006028764,0.00003211587,0.000101596,0.00006344276,0.00006537499],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007346184,0.0001604303,0.01146107,0.0003575819,0.001292909,0.000004974503,0.005017689,0.3733993,0.5858972,0.0004488075,0.002840566,0.01904602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003375701,0.00008208053,0.01265681,0.00006719151,0.0002731662,0.00002115693,0.0008036623,0.2375167,0.6900191,0.0001877412,0.05786858,0.0001662413],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944496,0.003131323,0.001441723,0.0003474659,0.00007126579,0.00002588494,0.0000066574,0.00002053746,0.0005055158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997063,0.002223794,0.0004619658,0.000006020555,0.000034046,0.000005227562,0.000003614494,0.000004467608,0.0001978684],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1358826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2241188,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02036454717496786,"score_gpt":0.2425207280908136,"score_spread":0.2221561809158458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}