{"id":"W4402323952","doi":"10.1155/2024/2357238","title":"Comparative Analysis of Water and Glycerin Emulsification: Particle Size, Stability, Engine Performance, and Emissions in Biodiesel Fuels","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Renewable Energy","topic":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Lakehead University","keywords":"Biodiesel; Environmental science; Particle size; Waste management; Alternative fuels; Materials science; Process engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Organic chemistry; Diesel fuel","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001960101,0.000257634,0.0001553991,0.0004528137,0.0001213446,0.0002063861,0.0001615718,0.0001631459,0.0005260013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003105516,0.00009177055,0.0002604418,0.0002928812,0.000107107,0.0003229337,0.0001636144,0.0001911809,0.0001336821],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001722714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001135661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001130401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001342362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998803,0.0000125051,0.00001291457,0.00002358616,0.00005263971,0.00001802341],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998406,0.00004507296,0.00004132784,0.000005931747,0.0000516597,0.00001541174],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002603954,0.00006055163,0.00176039,0.0000699626,0.00001275906,0.00005482531,0.00003095879,0.0003432196,0.9909366,0.00004024156,0.00002237453,0.006407825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003017485,0.0003612177,0.006481925,0.000003346815,0.0000210331,0.00004511729,0.00002482202,0.0007449783,0.9918751,0.00001350119,0.0004209206,0.000004903508],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968035,0.001211154,0.001198674,0.000008248833,0.000006978729,0.00001306189,0.0001187539,0.00001434405,0.0006251599],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955024,0.001159299,0.001433192,0.00001237649,0.000003303144,0.00001579203,0.0003004835,0.00001685086,0.001556326],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001130401,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002247632,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02036454717496786,"score_gpt":0.2425207280908136,"score_spread":0.2221561809158458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}