{"id":"W4402329797","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202450214","title":"Supervised star, galaxy, and QSO classification with sharpened dimensionality reduction","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Brookhaven National Laboratory; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Office of Science; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; European Southern Observatory; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Harvard University; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Chinese Academy of Sciences; York University; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Universität Basel; Fermilab; National Science Foundation; Case Western Reserve University; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Pittsburgh; Los Alamos National Laboratory; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Università degli Studi di Padova; Princeton University; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; University of Washington; European Space Agency; Johns Hopkins University; Ohio State University; New Mexico State University; University of California, Los Angeles; University of Portsmouth; Yale University; Vanderbilt University; Drexel University; U.S. Naval Observatory; U.S. Department of Energy; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Star (game theory); Astronomy; Dimensionality reduction; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001220442,0.0003454226,0.0002989492,0.00008218604,0.0003514206,0.000331508,0.0001274321,0.00004372338,0.0001960462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000156278,0.00028922,0.00008959605,0.0002514301,0.0003216756,0.0007101647,0.0001291766,0.0004385712,0.00004667265],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003465008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001466561,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008906045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.504213e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981858,0.00007321104,0.0002613091,0.0007129814,0.0002742577,0.0004924625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992209,0.00007798915,0.00006538517,0.000282798,0.00008003363,0.0002728641],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001262645,0.0001291061,0.004396904,0.0000286406,0.0001975545,0.000002575117,0.0001551725,0.00004325585,0.009733946,0.05413442,0.000120615,0.9309316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01396455,0.00725631,0.5170777,0.002573087,0.00192429,0.00008273589,0.028847,0.06154134,0.1021917,0.0499342,0.2067167,0.007890452],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7039238,0.0001081926,0.2942587,0.000434082,0.00007846614,0.0003081952,0.00009321095,0.0000783803,0.000716956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.969404,0.000005013133,0.02938681,0.000005731541,0.0006209669,0.00006998014,0.0002132583,0.00003940734,0.0002548755],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9230411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999956,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01644230612658159,"score_gpt":0.2559622085986595,"score_spread":0.2395199024720779,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}