{"id":"W4402389539","doi":"10.1007/s44250-024-00147-w","title":"Risk management and insurance failures: the case of Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Discover Health Systems","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Actuarial science; Scheme (mathematics); Risk management; National health insurance; Income protection insurance; Health insurance; Insurance policy; Risk analysis (engineering); Environmental health; General insurance; Finance; Economics; Economic growth; Medicine; Health care","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002245607,0.0002080643,0.0005353065,0.0002556602,0.0003758447,0.0001730605,0.0002043165,0.0000549203,0.000008002916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003402979,0.0001779763,0.0001020858,0.0005168521,0.00009749005,0.0003319221,0.00008336446,0.000229458,0.00009187564],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002530245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001264971,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01513122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00075945,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976743,0.00008041073,0.001154762,0.000538092,0.0001252325,0.0004271808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987566,0.00007730968,0.0006652229,0.0003664911,0.00004080152,0.00009353816],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001644344,0.00005736112,0.07738151,0.003069563,0.0001303301,0.00005175668,0.002065589,0.0002792651,7.806459e-8,0.9008812,0.007715794,0.008351162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001452885,0.0003320519,0.4381694,0.001489747,0.000006635067,0.000202365,0.004509169,0.0117974,0.000001243046,0.02298428,0.5183246,0.0007301809],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.563794,0.372761,0.01649487,0.008644016,0.005428219,0.004281064,0.007956176,0.0001807792,0.02045991],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9870112,0.0110683,0.0002323774,0.0005802879,0.0001921164,0.0001524374,0.00001970028,0.00002898541,0.0007146019],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8778968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9914271,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02620108940277232,"score_gpt":0.2718380362607842,"score_spread":0.2456369468580119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}