{"id":"W4402487189","doi":"10.1080/13504851.2024.2399748","title":"Insider trading profitability in geographically diversified firms: does managerial ability matter?","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Economics Letters","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Profitability index; Insider; Business; Insider trading; Industrial organization; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003730514,0.0002294695,0.0002818727,0.0002071311,0.00008575119,0.0004112723,0.0002704737,0.0000825555,0.0002734121],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007688748,0.0002133533,0.0001147591,0.0003232829,0.0001133692,0.0009373706,0.0001384825,0.0002205457,0.0004450964],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001273486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000153417,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000575477,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003663572,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984917,0.000005185774,0.0003993626,0.0006689472,0.00007382144,0.0003609502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994594,0.00005638983,0.000126981,0.0003347342,0.000009551194,0.00001294175],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000188641,0.0001120813,0.9351452,0.0009600812,0.00008221896,0.00004385797,0.0002127048,0.001147054,0.004146016,0.04371783,0.008953978,0.005290329],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006026897,0.000002266572,0.9592843,0.00004342889,0.00002991586,6.379756e-7,0.00007664822,0.001489217,0.00006971754,0.0194011,0.01854504,0.0004550395],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9869077,0.000014162,0.0001866997,0.00782849,0.0008346938,0.0004395747,0.00001445569,0.0001208064,0.003653407],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924919,0.00001110584,0.00009619525,0.006644069,0.0006193888,0.00007172977,0.00002079875,0.0000299713,0.00001484886],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02431672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8700295,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008857955397040502,"score_gpt":0.1758350245989266,"score_spread":0.1669770692018861,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}