{"id":"W4402522093","doi":"10.3390/polym16182586","title":"Carboxyalkylated Lignin as a Sustainable Dispersant for Coal Water Slurry","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Polymers","topic":"Coal Combustion and Slurry Processing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Lakehead University","keywords":"Dispersant; Chemical engineering; Coal water; Zeta potential; Coal; Rheology; Slurry; Materials science; Alkyl; Adsorption; Lignin; Suspension (topology); Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Organic chemistry; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Nanoparticle; Dispersion (optics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009161346,0.0001379111,0.0001159535,0.0001175058,0.0001068612,0.0001531375,0.00007893283,0.000066616,0.0002385077],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001123655,0.0001109314,0.00007768948,0.0001292557,0.00002502499,0.0001583845,0.00002509061,0.0001151281,0.00008845076],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007881461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003585073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000719029,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004149789,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999172,0.000007260123,0.0001366332,0.0001664878,0.00009561203,0.0004220286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997514,0.00003323914,0.000004268962,0.00009648738,0.00002328264,0.00009128431],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004749212,0.0002287806,0.0003393448,0.01575463,0.001988727,0.001749865,0.06328934,0.05392712,0.4684921,0.07325349,0.1182591,0.2022426],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006058093,0.00009774666,0.00001840085,0.0001570083,0.0001092585,0.00003429997,0.003918862,0.3117077,0.2630352,0.001135688,0.4185202,0.0006597918],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8714041,0.0193644,0.01137779,0.00215614,0.002954902,0.0008436578,0.00003106745,0.003957987,0.08791001],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877096,0.00002311487,0.00003801413,0.00008312203,0.0001036143,0.00003860462,0.00002313325,0.00005032946,0.01193046],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3002612,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.452365,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006269643123740325,"score_gpt":0.2287032343884417,"score_spread":0.2224335912647014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}