{"id":"W4402522377","doi":"10.1039/d4ee02398f","title":"Distinguishing bulk redox from near-surface degradation in lithium nickel oxide cathodes","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Environmental Science","topic":"Advancements in Battery Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions; H2020 European Research Council; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Commission; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility; Royal Academy of Engineering; Diamond Light Source; Faraday Institution; UK Research and Innovation","keywords":"Nickel; Degradation (telecommunications); Redox; Lithium (medication); Cathode; Nickel oxide; Materials science; Oxide; Inorganic chemistry; Metallurgy; Chemistry; Computer science; Physical chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002695475,0.0001605154,0.0001192597,0.00003271126,0.0001157777,0.0002350719,0.0003203648,0.00004117281,0.0001578799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002678509,0.0001640875,0.0000166099,0.0002241652,0.0002733193,0.0006946839,0.000155695,0.0000978826,0.00007811674],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005266326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001565457,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003297842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002958469,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986499,0.00002347437,0.0002424624,0.0004115586,0.0003367962,0.0003358086],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996061,0.00006173654,0.00002278656,0.0002402109,0.000001434963,0.00006773416],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001734926,0.00001318298,0.001154119,0.000006259092,0.000003086002,0.00001806113,0.0002757134,0.08341234,0.9109522,0.0001628647,0.00006347953,0.003936992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001782562,0.00002195877,0.02847053,0.0002056535,0.00001185879,0.000009202219,0.0002520713,0.0735052,0.8794301,0.001084318,0.01625602,0.0005748303],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9917411,0.0006546105,0.005258075,0.00003967622,0.0008855741,0.00004904983,0.00003823312,0.0001575652,0.001176175],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9837241,0.00008262378,0.0155558,0.00005038964,0.00005221141,0.00001138427,0.00003408628,0.00002890415,0.0004604672],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03152206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6691292,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00804342140403662,"score_gpt":0.2187914006264472,"score_spread":0.2107479792224106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}