{"id":"W4402526754","doi":"10.5539/jel.v14n1p1","title":"Reciprocal Relationship Between Motivation and Engagement in Out-of-Class Learning Among Japanese Undergraduates","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","keywords":"Psychology; Reciprocal; Class (philosophy); Social psychology; Mathematics education; Developmental psychology; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001716062,0.0002513296,0.0003573886,0.0005767401,0.0004718769,0.001195378,0.0002995629,0.0004339898,0.001523318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005198154,0.0002334595,0.0004916035,0.0003401525,0.0004125562,0.000441922,0.001069816,0.0008212618,0.0001781724],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003603665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004428616,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003237486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005466301,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998901,0.0004166742,0.0000829949,0.0002029904,0.0001850561,0.0002112375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948111,0.001618247,0.001420837,0.0003402128,0.0004339217,0.001375708],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004070406,0.0001547104,0.9961333,0.000007174162,0.00004340758,0.00002353973,0.0007677037,0.00004199165,0.0003854542,0.00004210707,0.00002567829,0.002334215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002153826,0.00005076056,0.9990551,0.000002650783,0.0000119301,0.00001173439,0.0004727764,0.0002472737,0.00004704193,0.00003530152,0.00005947797,0.000003804679],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995889,0.00002168158,0.0001162317,0.00002314367,0.000002346728,0.000003988026,0.00001534261,0.000001063222,0.0002271999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996637,0.00001753583,0.00007488269,0.00001204006,0.000003207045,0.000006495459,0.00004262844,7.586009e-7,0.0001786967],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003237486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009075522,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1265713781421922,"score_gpt":0.4291655208117244,"score_spread":0.3025941426695322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}