{"id":"W4402533897","doi":"10.1056/nejmp2403550","title":"Ethical Challenges Associated with Pragmatic and Cluster RCTs","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"New England Journal of Medicine","topic":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Ottawa Hospital; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Cluster (spacecraft); Psychology; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["metaresearch"],"domain":"methods","study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["metaresearch"],"domain":"methods","study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"commentary","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.8050941,0.001680795,0.00728698,0.00456213,0.008426684,0.01667678,0.008778918,0.03538984,0.007228694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.8930179,0.005308707,0.004736106,0.006328454,0.03893476,0.01554032,0.01411726,0.03620302,0.002005215],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.012059,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04712086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004534629,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009755064,"domain_scores_codex":[0.10035,0.8035291,0.04144802,0.008924593,0.04303179,0.002716442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.03225136,0.8969173,0.014572,0.03313228,0.01913855,0.003988379],"domain_codex":"methods","domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":"methods","study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004643564,0.0004406488,0.003978955,0.008058763,0.004137699,0.001025781,0.01501519,0.005395208,0.0005956926,0.7176615,0.1243296,0.1147173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004632151,0.0003996394,0.002193944,0.01051042,0.0008041725,0.001102325,0.002822007,0.01076502,0.0005378849,0.8844926,0.0814874,0.0002523623],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01026943,0.0196998,0.1631419,0.7540726,0.0165431,0.01123566,0.0005490595,0.0003035526,0.0241849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2662323,0.00531027,0.352499,0.2769924,0.02088701,0.07276679,0.000339068,0.0004887161,0.004484465],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1949059,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2403537,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2575015165857044,"score_gpt":0.417748838897349,"score_spread":0.1602473223116446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}