{"id":"W4402565386","doi":"10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124595","title":"Hydrogen spillover on Ni@Graphene enables robust and efficient catalytic hydrogenation of aqueous levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Catalysis B: Environmental","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Education and Child Care","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Levulinic acid; Catalysis; Aqueous solution; Hydrogen spillover; Hydrogen; Graphene; Catalytic hydrogenation; Spillover effect; Chemistry; Materials science; Inorganic chemistry; Organic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002153333,0.0003901338,0.0004166285,0.0005252988,0.00007537538,0.00004523672,0.0002251392,0.0001467954,0.0001425176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005639648,0.0004005493,0.0002031346,0.0005283902,0.0001264102,0.00009057651,0.0001627073,0.0001646475,0.0006463681],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003763144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009963971,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002945232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001371185,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979506,0.00001326477,0.0004725156,0.0006592814,0.0005334797,0.0003708946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991062,0.00005691656,0.00005896384,0.0005743855,0.000003762682,0.0001997941],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004735894,0.0001379247,0.0001268125,0.0001219072,0.0005453755,0.00001861452,0.0005353937,0.08319822,0.8989915,0.00009554678,0.0001831932,0.01599813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004610479,0.00008564205,0.000742486,0.0000386637,0.0004562367,0.00001926076,0.0002151172,0.03790908,0.9580138,0.00002876133,0.001541013,0.0004888893],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955646,0.001707731,0.0007355239,0.00003656016,0.000118037,0.0004193262,0.0001365975,0.000200674,0.001080939],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986811,0.000128916,0.0001630671,0.00004545222,0.00004423419,0.00005876128,0.0007024162,0.00009282802,0.00008319088],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05902228,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998446,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005199817446086469,"score_gpt":0.1724382380354552,"score_spread":0.1672384205893688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}