{"id":"W4402573741","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117028","title":"Integrated ground-penetrating radar and electromagnetic induction offer a non-destructive approach to predict soil bulk density in boreal podzolic soil","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geoderma","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Department of Industry, Energy and Technology; Newfoundland and Labrador; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Memorial University of Newfoundland","keywords":"Ground-penetrating radar; Radar; Boreal; Taiga; Geology; Soil science; Electromagnetic induction; Bulk density; Environmental science; Soil water; Engineering; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002760455,0.0003691023,0.0002837938,0.0005608305,0.0001298367,0.0004260842,0.0003642718,0.0002083099,0.0002675366],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003252194,0.0002090447,0.0002029974,0.0005467946,0.0001741196,0.0004641243,0.0002047395,0.0001683743,0.0000871446],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003242268,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001783691,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009758224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02694541,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998698,0.0000145595,0.00001012724,0.00004127965,0.00004589709,0.0000182711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997522,0.00005719288,0.00008906151,0.00001315172,0.0000687031,0.00001977421],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005067833,0.0002076919,0.6441516,0.0002732504,0.0001322419,0.0004653508,0.0002465473,0.01269772,0.2402923,0.0001423166,0.0002004102,0.1006837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002363544,0.0003083188,0.9487182,0.00001706764,0.00005602536,0.0002342678,0.0002322483,0.03782798,0.01198054,0.0001059549,0.0004736073,0.00002199952],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950721,0.0001737755,0.004001653,0.000009757282,0.00000296729,0.0000156692,0.0001673126,0.00005782081,0.0004988765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963696,0.0001100145,0.003088788,0.000005850026,0.000002159487,0.000006581082,0.0001895695,0.000003602722,0.0002238547],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009758224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01940286,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009562035259435931,"score_gpt":0.2224387733080632,"score_spread":0.2128767380486272,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}