{"id":"W4402607836","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4958191","title":"Everyone is a Stock Trader Now: Retail Investors and Covid-19","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Stock (firearms); Commerce; Finance; Financial system; Geography; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001616177,0.0002156003,0.0004410927,0.0006867796,0.0009668252,0.005652536,0.0004534115,0.002155393,0.03056772],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01058661,0.0001442365,0.0002101963,0.001031374,0.001499411,0.005241141,0.002032273,0.003494371,0.001715852],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001295226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000899293,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007982933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01051563,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993975,0.0001758279,0.00002468973,0.00006878059,0.0001296808,0.0002036332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993582,0.002157745,0.001901659,0.0002546581,0.0007525523,0.001351368],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008907532,0.0004481016,0.2310543,0.0001974691,0.0001327755,0.001158554,0.001754668,0.002041159,0.0004185231,0.4077443,0.2346405,0.119519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001799319,0.0003247616,0.1967943,0.0007621793,0.0002550219,0.0009997474,0.01606133,0.009957951,0.0009459904,0.5879141,0.1856254,0.0001792796],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4417908,0.01593319,0.003193628,0.2121918,0.002018565,0.00004727533,0.002097601,0.00008669397,0.3226404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9704652,0.002743825,0.0001517069,0.003426537,0.0007119843,0.000009810784,0.0003007311,0.00002182408,0.02216846],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03056772,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1022593,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06218051471429451,"score_gpt":0.2833210775349721,"score_spread":0.2211405628206776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}