{"id":"W4402607867","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4956837","title":"Institutional Food Waste and The Circular Economy: Is it Time to Revisit Produce Waste in Global Food Supply Chains?","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Circular economy; Food waste; Supply chain; Food supply; Business; Agricultural economics; Economics; Waste management; Natural resource economics; Engineering; Marketing","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002770241,0.0003618894,0.0004854602,0.00004849245,0.0003258392,0.0003780172,0.0005790513,0.0002381923,0.000104268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001369847,0.00014472,0.0003206882,0.0004535985,0.0001946323,0.0001098207,0.0007076383,0.002614937,0.00004178087],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001913768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001524978,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001165874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008747281,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965767,0.0002955396,0.0005659286,0.0007678439,0.0003055241,0.00148851],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999279,0.00004913735,0.0001695071,0.000166235,0.0001605155,0.0001756343],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00151051,0.0005981007,0.00147014,0.0009201869,0.002183333,0.00003795883,0.002515197,0.00331717,0.0006447959,0.4122094,0.004238054,0.5703552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001192358,0.001912403,0.0008381316,0.0004249324,0.0001473177,0.001299087,0.02780017,0.000955221,0.0001147666,0.9387009,0.02570361,0.0009111275],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9006689,0.01143801,0.000009022138,0.08546453,0.0002553063,0.0008972126,0.00008292897,0.0000269807,0.001157131],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955631,0.001161927,0.000007010563,0.0006754031,0.001148089,0.00005335359,0.00002197245,0.000002934675,0.001366237],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5694441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009551655173915699,"score_gpt":0.2192591622021151,"score_spread":0.2097075070281994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}