{"id":"W4402617579","doi":"10.1002/cjas.1762","title":"Accounting for informalization in Africa's extractive industry: Evidence from Ghana's small‐scale gold mining sector during the colonial period","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l Administration","topic":"Mining and Resource Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Gold mining; Period (music); Scale (ratio); Colonial period; Colonialism; Geography; Archaeology; Art; Cartography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002127415,0.0001951856,0.0001916967,0.002077246,0.001335267,0.001715741,0.0005408232,0.0003686177,0.002986118],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01494538,0.0002305922,0.0001263036,0.004427684,0.002753669,0.001771794,0.002081351,0.0008126012,0.0002081814],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001608076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001747206,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08855094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.156581,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987211,0.0004993514,0.0001045868,0.0001455349,0.0001927953,0.000336721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9716092,0.00855693,0.01544915,0.001280185,0.001878418,0.001225966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004504753,0.00004178735,0.961745,0.00005427617,0.0000156058,0.000443773,0.02919209,0.0001101924,0.0001803488,0.001404454,0.0005412506,0.006226208],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000349081,0.00001907757,0.9479297,0.0001253432,0.00000881542,0.00009715665,0.04795149,0.0003420157,0.0001011707,0.0004326544,0.002983288,0.000005815589],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996763,0.0002043688,0.0001441784,0.0003168944,0.000004824861,0.0000162854,0.0001976702,0.000001730218,0.002351009],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992968,0.000146101,0.00008831268,0.00002391209,0.000007360762,0.00001133644,0.0001298326,0.000002102626,0.0002942417],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08855094,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.176071,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07440881676259638,"score_gpt":0.2812573608568368,"score_spread":0.2068485440942405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}