{"id":"W4402640583","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02045","title":"Unifying Efficiency Metrics for Solar Evaporation and Thermal Desalination","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Energy Letters","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Chevron; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Desalination; Evaporation; Environmental science; Thermal; Solar desalination; Process engineering; Low-temperature thermal desalination; Engineering physics; Materials science; Chemistry; Engineering; Meteorology; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007041883,0.0001600519,0.0001290435,0.0003763649,0.0001516812,0.0002093067,0.0001436138,0.0001100094,0.00001265863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001868071,0.0001518596,0.00005690269,0.0005863107,0.00005016982,0.0003543864,0.00002913287,0.00009869282,0.000008203061],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008773587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002861391,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001508659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001282353,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998745,0.0001576605,0.000264016,0.0003737799,0.0002133529,0.0002462066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991859,0.0003935793,0.00006390741,0.0002285613,0.00007254988,0.00005555985],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002450461,0.00002914674,0.0001606308,0.00008413846,0.00008255569,0.000009914374,0.0008932683,0.01332398,0.6012544,0.2207228,0.0009362964,0.1624784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009016261,0.0001226757,0.001171157,0.00006841349,0.0001749308,0.00002319258,0.0001303031,0.182351,0.5471323,0.006646876,0.2604838,0.0007937375],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3154767,0.0009396061,0.6781332,0.0033699,0.0008037075,0.0001332256,0.000006415724,0.0003121165,0.0008251842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9771186,0.0000410056,0.02070991,0.001365075,0.0002859275,0.00008011025,0.0001066705,0.00005434197,0.0002383867],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6616419,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6192654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02836930115234878,"score_gpt":0.2875182176149416,"score_spread":0.2591489164625929,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}