{"id":"W4402691284","doi":"10.3390/en17184674","title":"Engineered Biochar for Metal Recycling and Repurposed Applications","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biochar; Waste management; Environmental science; Engineering; Pyrolysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002377357,0.0004773121,0.0004790104,0.0006517466,0.0001677477,0.0005818862,0.0004306133,0.0006678082,0.001067681],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002050182,0.0001937692,0.0005399748,0.0005054098,0.0002049319,0.0005669038,0.0004365936,0.000687508,0.0007125462],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004273109,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003309021,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004042953,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001194577,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997923,0.00003039456,0.00001697394,0.00003888473,0.00009090241,0.00003060196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999404,0.00001424445,0.0000146239,0.000006294787,0.0000185666,0.000005753287],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000774644,0.00007967757,0.0005041366,0.004204796,0.0001083465,0.0004975749,0.00005762263,0.002375988,0.8782005,0.007902879,0.001528794,0.1044622],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000211377,0.0004263909,0.001844119,0.0005089537,0.0001914484,0.001617866,0.0001172832,0.004607295,0.7650334,0.004363745,0.2212249,0.00004345211],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1844434,0.6469087,0.1299015,0.001842311,0.001439171,0.0001880918,0.0008339431,0.0007743726,0.03366853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6073926,0.3179953,0.06040932,0.0008555961,0.0002675042,0.0001009884,0.0007976583,0.0001233866,0.01205779],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001067681,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003571689,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01027074298411585,"score_gpt":0.2377397575571263,"score_spread":0.2274690145730104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}