{"id":"W4402742167","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4965051","title":"Information as Thing by Michael Buckland—What Makes This Paper Great?","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Competitive and Knowledge Intelligence","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"History; Art","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007674998,0.0001792104,0.0001342239,0.0002502327,0.0002635043,0.002028802,0.0002681615,0.00006835211,0.001085705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000682337,0.0001454101,0.0001253036,0.0003286267,0.00003036797,0.008075551,0.00007441959,0.001109936,0.004305894],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002617167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003211686,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002441332,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004113131,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982083,0.0000113715,0.0002946168,0.0001332233,0.0002682845,0.001084242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999567,0.00004407292,0.0001026364,0.0001078187,0.0001628144,0.00001568312],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004214674,0.0000260421,0.0005364554,0.00009479377,0.000158752,0.00001062196,0.000525657,0.00000618892,0.0004979506,0.6248789,0.01454549,0.358677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001500888,0.0000336718,0.0000350388,0.0002514514,0.00005511393,0.000168554,0.004623272,0.000707423,0.0001211056,0.1785488,0.8150688,0.0002366163],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2723118,0.1759501,0.04215881,0.02352635,0.009585899,0.0008758854,0.000008656059,0.001090972,0.4744915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9736267,0.01079312,0.00001038226,0.002636566,0.002163546,0.000008229652,0.00003108157,0.0000298285,0.01070057],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8005233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998274,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00564859758701799,"score_gpt":0.2205601925600822,"score_spread":0.2149115949730643,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}