{"id":"W4402857739","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143791","title":"Does the purchase of voluntary renewable energy certificates lead to emission reductions? A review of studies quantifying the impact","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Cleaner Production","topic":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions","keywords":"Renewable energy; Lead (geology); Turnover; Environmental economics; Natural resource economics; Business; Environmental science; Economics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01179886,0.0003577875,0.0008255049,0.001462452,0.0002666682,0.002224232,0.0009308746,0.0008086498,0.003308437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02815334,0.0002543763,0.002138969,0.003098589,0.0008315777,0.002034204,0.0006897546,0.0009246357,0.0003919603],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001359968,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001866169,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004027739,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007962533,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9900421,0.005355299,0.0009121829,0.0007517841,0.002693217,0.0002453801],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9595629,0.03151973,0.004722518,0.001351776,0.002734503,0.0001086492],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00221873,0.0004092582,0.05869778,0.09084763,0.006985154,0.0003954493,0.001050455,0.0130272,0.005536815,0.03612803,0.007730898,0.7769725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005409984,0.004219867,0.285012,0.08343075,0.02069602,0.001118735,0.005670673,0.008430511,0.0422123,0.04112093,0.5071281,0.0004189811],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.2700519,0.6455175,0.01320517,0.007720447,0.001198713,0.0002694698,0.003003486,0.000101215,0.0589321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6962872,0.296014,0.003612692,0.00112531,0.0003045959,0.0001041264,0.0008963019,0.00008082049,0.001574905],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01179886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06239909,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3604980220446786,"score_gpt":0.4220953349736191,"score_spread":0.06159731292894055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}