{"id":"W4402943179","doi":"10.1016/j.iot.2024.101379","title":"Digital twin in healthcare: Classification and typology of models based on hierarchy, application, and maturity","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Internet of Things","topic":"Digital Transformation in Industry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Typology; Hierarchy; Maturity (psychological); Health care; Computer science; Data science; Psychology; Sociology; Political science; Developmental psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008101545,0.00006118848,0.00009513128,0.0001327018,0.000002912017,0.00003166988,0.00006029304,0.00008117267,0.00000216775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008674066,0.00006229404,0.00001319613,0.00008514552,0.00005801484,0.000401202,0.00001028993,0.0001479697,0.000001891304],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002875715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009569249,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004501816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002362598,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995432,0.000006066103,0.0002197045,0.00009399198,0.00007253641,0.00006444364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997924,0.00006563384,0.00001963099,0.00007963629,0.00001775884,0.00002496455],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000169443,0.0001737181,0.008939569,0.006592672,0.00009042504,0.000005775571,0.00836566,0.0146271,0.002455459,0.6654675,0.002439791,0.2906729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001367721,0.00005025756,0.001852744,0.0002379494,0.0000026347,0.000004568299,0.00006683385,0.9798982,0.001818285,0.01496874,0.0008878093,0.00007520607],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8672032,0.0005958036,0.06216427,0.003115963,0.0002275368,0.0003942579,0.00008669784,0.0002488376,0.06596343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996586,0.00001496575,0.0001984886,0.00004722782,0.000005682892,0.00001160087,0.00001414706,0.000009779159,0.00003952844],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9652711,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2540277,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01699020421011745,"score_gpt":0.2425635519466704,"score_spread":0.225573347736553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}