{"id":"W4402967779","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.29.24314580","title":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence to Diagnose Early Parkinson’s Disease via Voice Analysis","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"medRxiv","topic":"Voice and Speech Disorders","field":"Medicine","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Voice analysis; Parkinson's disease; Speech recognition; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Disease; Psychology; Audiology; Medicine; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005165812,0.0004989507,0.0008598087,0.001031073,0.00009888705,0.000185358,0.0004471439,0.0002705118,0.0006324899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005632267,0.0004580363,0.0007878445,0.001645381,0.00007849703,0.00005367932,0.0007985259,0.001035133,0.002534325],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001665026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003068358,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001230961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009125267,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966395,0.00009568676,0.0006600829,0.001266981,0.0007290688,0.0006087105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972847,0.000136905,0.0001162122,0.001371821,0.0001963807,0.0008940548],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001561504,0.002086441,0.8653588,0.004553915,0.007191908,0.008283819,0.006861181,0.007271262,0.0008243198,0.001837372,0.006726294,0.0874432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003498642,0.0008836595,0.6716698,0.003311903,0.03561073,0.00001776901,0.002209913,0.02699911,0.00892607,0.124626,0.1215486,0.003846546],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9721192,0.002144746,0.01208632,0.0106158,0.0007836384,0.001050918,0.00006912697,0.0002931743,0.0008371354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941048,0.0003294748,0.0007017742,0.001356882,0.0005978863,0.000482607,0.000138269,0.00008218172,0.002206149],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1936889,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997872,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03186520955430645,"score_gpt":0.3118159063202186,"score_spread":0.2799506967659122,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}