{"id":"W4402997213","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c02069","title":"Unlocking Solutions: Innovative Approaches to Identifying and Mitigating the Environmental Impacts of Undocumented Orphan Wells in the United States","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management","keywords":"Outreach; Greenhouse gas; Drone; Sustainability; Environmental planning; Environmental monitoring; Environmental resource management; Emerging technologies; Business; Natural resource economics; Environmental protection; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Computer science; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003403483,0.001159868,0.0005919588,0.002490468,0.002357724,0.005085282,0.002571531,0.002288584,0.005109801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007718666,0.0005171386,0.0006869268,0.00214707,0.002239267,0.007038132,0.006023493,0.002452453,0.0008662777],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001204121,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004917904,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009426836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01794986,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982005,0.00059988,0.00009546355,0.0004163484,0.0004049306,0.0002828632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977137,0.0007720022,0.0004208502,0.0003475392,0.0005418304,0.0002040682],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000122805,0.0003527151,0.01704589,0.0008889942,0.0001709811,0.0005284278,0.003404986,0.0307329,0.005717968,0.09314993,0.03487665,0.8130077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008591222,0.000579915,0.01043259,0.002674293,0.0004277667,0.0008131,0.03664063,0.1755151,0.0128404,0.4131918,0.3465752,0.0002231549],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.132478,0.01921709,0.697675,0.04964864,0.001324815,0.0007064872,0.001395138,0.004539669,0.09301522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6026992,0.01120186,0.3707817,0.003577262,0.0002213303,0.0002811258,0.001194703,0.0002626278,0.009780076],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009426836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01874393,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02386435609042092,"score_gpt":0.2345866901535164,"score_spread":0.2107223340630955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}