{"id":"W4403169035","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122586","title":"Challenges in using 0.45 µm filters to assess potentially bioavailable trace elements in the dissolved fraction of river and peat bog waters of the Boreal Zone","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada's Oil Sands Innovation Alliance; Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Peat; Bog; Environmental science; Boreal; Environmental chemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental engineering; Geology; Chemistry; Geography; Archaeology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0220278,0.001107624,0.001159289,0.001280406,0.001677607,0.005140184,0.003268078,0.004032531,0.001206845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01237522,0.0009647153,0.0009465159,0.0006755276,0.002297428,0.002864744,0.001648218,0.002178789,0.00118206],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001163053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004530255,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02637049,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05232395,"domain_scores_codex":[0.991074,0.002762721,0.0008028904,0.00178105,0.003039611,0.0005396287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9830031,0.008720576,0.001084491,0.0009760803,0.00563811,0.0005776299],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004876805,0.000577035,0.07931386,0.003005838,0.0005459721,0.0004194871,0.00278306,0.008811434,0.6815128,0.003421134,0.006221916,0.2128998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001425148,0.003130112,0.1512278,0.001413896,0.0009480806,0.004945602,0.02298492,0.04393114,0.5759953,0.02720749,0.1676033,0.0004698001],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5397416,0.02931575,0.3513995,0.05383124,0.002592985,0.001653721,0.002904897,0.001211389,0.01734891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5892326,0.02220554,0.3661695,0.009464827,0.0008695715,0.001026905,0.001050526,0.0003207031,0.009659824],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02637049,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1164955,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1596649569478608,"score_gpt":0.3675715537351565,"score_spread":0.2079065967872957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}