{"id":"W4403305870","doi":"10.1007/s11098-024-02211-w","title":"The perceptual learning of socially constructed kinds: how culture biases and shapes perception","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophical Studies","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan College; Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Perception; Philosophy of mind; Philosophy of language; Metaphysics; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Epistemology; Social psychology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002739276,0.00009457849,0.0001488395,0.00001756594,0.001273382,0.0001301323,0.00008333395,0.0000893128,0.00004362676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001225915,0.00005194129,0.00007088621,0.0001831751,0.001382995,0.0001697296,0.00005885386,0.000208459,0.000007284241],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005362538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004171156,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001022601,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003179621,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990583,0.0001918145,0.0001147548,0.0001687261,0.0002923877,0.0001739926],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993966,0.0003354602,0.00003840152,0.00003054062,0.0001574653,0.00004157741],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003842472,0.00002824402,0.001273927,0.0001065132,0.0003868076,0.00001354594,0.3479849,0.00000373501,0.005583615,0.561147,0.004135156,0.07929815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002973844,0.0002616105,0.01494874,0.0003764972,0.0002254822,0.00001025395,0.7551182,0.0002516704,0.00002445941,0.1865507,0.0415442,0.0003907753],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8344032,0.0455702,0.00001156383,0.1137174,0.0003030466,0.000234327,0.00001061811,0.0002246123,0.005524976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900094,0.008375944,0.00004075218,0.00006901638,0.0008725614,0.000009939702,0.000002654675,0.000004976853,0.0006147079],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4071333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9793952,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07135780799977218,"score_gpt":0.3569612273782254,"score_spread":0.2856034193784532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}