{"id":"W4403320220","doi":"10.1109/ojim.2024.3477572","title":"Smartphone System for Heart Rate and Breathing Rate Estimation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement","topic":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heart rate; Breathing; Estimation; Cardiology; Medicine; Computer science; Internal medicine; Engineering; Anesthesia; Blood pressure","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001411122,0.0001010459,0.0001575897,0.0001060879,0.00007837234,0.0004332987,0.00005915903,0.00002526833,0.000002536335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002274167,0.00008169858,0.00003017453,0.00007371773,0.00001095142,0.0006888718,0.0000112083,0.00008008583,0.00000222178],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000231951,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004231666,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009411567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003210479,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992608,0.00004237677,0.0003242148,0.00009079555,0.0001780517,0.0001037202],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996476,0.00004120264,0.0000617129,0.00004255538,0.0001222285,0.00008470103],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005822889,0.000008912878,0.0002598121,0.0007681986,0.0001536925,0.00001255093,0.0006283511,0.003253286,0.9359568,0.0001177081,0.0005092751,0.05827324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002554608,0.0003134885,0.00226963,0.003249774,0.0001527369,0.0003673629,0.001439179,0.01546097,0.972268,0.0003236214,0.001327341,0.0002732921],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8520592,0.001255979,0.1412159,0.0003418679,0.004038915,0.000723708,0.000008524886,0.00005760044,0.0002982736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929736,0.00008091152,0.006736973,0.00002204122,0.0001350598,0.00001938502,0.000001088825,0.0000187604,0.00001217103],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1409144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4178309,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04084606701568531,"score_gpt":0.2771993992388208,"score_spread":0.2363533322231355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}