{"id":"W4403338358","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01553-8","title":"Theory and the future of land-climate science","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Geoscience","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; University of St Andrews; Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland; Sight Research UK; UK Research and Innovation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Climate science; Climate change; Environmental science; Climatology; Geology; Oceanography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004452581,0.00008885244,0.0001013958,0.00004406585,0.0002974459,0.0001025057,0.0005210548,0.00008304496,0.0002181591],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001574284,0.00004719677,0.0000365692,0.0009220711,0.003904638,0.0003859935,0.0004609484,0.0003135967,0.00003314819],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003562115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003519267,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004141816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003073308,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986436,0.00006764294,0.000124843,0.0004081067,0.0004740625,0.0002817629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992879,0.0003162456,0.00002978915,0.0002910591,0.00001167378,0.00006332106],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009239092,0.00003085727,0.01281348,0.00006193007,0.000003106654,0.000004869263,0.002204063,0.0001632325,0.006267478,0.9649052,0.0002112358,0.01324215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001740115,0.0002072672,0.2302765,0.000288658,0.0001231701,0.0002625291,0.001317519,0.1123977,0.002671356,0.4970898,0.1526247,0.001000641],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9817856,0.002798397,0.0003629915,0.002701037,0.0008152699,0.0001939496,0.00002072822,0.00004958655,0.01127244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981534,0.0006222264,0.0004504982,0.0005625372,0.00004892984,0.000005598432,4.798094e-7,0.000003807988,0.0001524446],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4678154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988062,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003558587854176989,"score_gpt":0.2378868047906961,"score_spread":0.2343282169365191,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}