{"id":"W4403448417","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2416452121","title":"Science offers the best way of knowing—as long as we don’t confuse what “is” with what “ought to be”","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Diffusion and Search Dynamics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Epistemology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01814172,0.001347602,0.003506175,0.002649489,0.005891476,0.01763244,0.002921407,0.01049194,0.008421677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0417615,0.001381538,0.001310899,0.001327445,0.03809457,0.0459117,0.01037712,0.01625617,0.004638197],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002923415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007358375,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001349355,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001244401,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9861853,0.005379688,0.0006839817,0.001679245,0.005264035,0.0008079143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9737168,0.01009591,0.002309809,0.007817164,0.00302479,0.003035524],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004051784,0.00003793214,0.0006383994,0.0002900012,0.0001444311,0.0000948114,0.0009940357,0.0006918738,0.0005036762,0.9525833,0.02361194,0.02036916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001465367,0.00001235345,0.00008633061,0.0001124343,0.00002234965,0.0000951203,0.0003200532,0.000577443,0.0003712446,0.9537885,0.04455946,0.0000400004],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.009761637,0.01518915,0.215653,0.5963597,0.01453123,0.00009250721,0.0002928185,0.001058228,0.1470617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6046605,0.02203183,0.2123956,0.1044114,0.01480059,0.0005249555,0.0006116509,0.001490157,0.03907341],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9941085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09594369,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02863330541440097,"score_gpt":0.3250663040313392,"score_spread":0.2964329986169382,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}