{"id":"W4403510624","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131220","title":"Topological charge of a Gaussian beam with an off-axis optical vortex","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Communications","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Center \"Kurchatov Institute\"; National Research Council Canada; Russian Science Foundation; National Research Foundation of Korea","keywords":"Topological quantum number; Optical vortex; Optics; Gaussian beam; Vortex; Physics; Beam (structure); Gaussian; Light beam; Charge (physics); Topology (electrical circuits); Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001333793,0.0001438206,0.0001846936,0.00006277767,0.000136923,0.00008691513,0.0006651785,0.00004990748,0.0003749449],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000700842,0.0001156631,0.00008197618,0.0002491804,0.0004013528,0.0001586105,0.0002886461,0.0003063739,0.0000837082],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002116225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007873851,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000290333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007335616,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991297,0.00004111079,0.0002646231,0.000191826,0.0001618826,0.0002108206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982195,0.0001318618,0.00005101104,0.001397304,0.00008249847,0.0001177773],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005584517,0.0004865994,0.0009244055,0.00001366329,0.00009162323,0.000001816492,0.00031851,0.00001590524,0.0007728672,0.994199,0.00003154228,0.003138476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004014743,0.008375335,0.02092904,0.001510082,0.002347875,0.0001074384,0.01400268,0.4047681,0.02930621,0.3065428,0.2029602,0.005135475],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5787589,0.001136977,0.01157007,0.004352016,0.000183441,0.000544017,0.0003149492,0.0002144686,0.4029251],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9535986,0.0000473431,0.04510256,0.00002062437,0.00007245993,0.00004142564,0.0001606729,0.00002491365,0.0009314116],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6876562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4716606,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02119979486475658,"score_gpt":0.2884922915401386,"score_spread":0.267292496675382,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}