{"id":"W4403603073","doi":"10.5206/cjsotlrcacea.2024.2.15519","title":"Undergraduate Students Develop Questioning, Creativity, and Collaboration Skills by Using the Question Formulation Technique","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Creativity; Mathematics education; Psychology; Pedagogy; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01247891,0.000780224,0.0006535025,0.001473206,0.001614484,0.005826444,0.001843789,0.001460012,0.006869098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03185188,0.0005489837,0.001080841,0.0008690133,0.003110839,0.00428732,0.006808541,0.002657606,0.003447704],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001193749,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002553911,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006317237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001152564,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9930577,0.003490474,0.0005787191,0.0009424797,0.001397867,0.0005326619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9793134,0.01109495,0.001849346,0.002733034,0.003379211,0.001629957],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001683531,0.002009641,0.03537622,0.001130157,0.00006525956,0.001133954,0.2422826,0.001673173,0.05533903,0.03693717,0.02354213,0.6003423],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002260895,0.002055054,0.0301173,0.001256623,0.0001176905,0.004562342,0.08851482,0.0086874,0.03546746,0.1005064,0.7282062,0.0002825496],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.44094,0.001342322,0.4628951,0.009843688,0.0003859679,0.002560519,0.0003239358,0.002926782,0.07878181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5581262,0.001372209,0.4148601,0.002138715,0.0001333159,0.001164319,0.0003762563,0.0003495445,0.0214793],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01247891,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06599551,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03160540876018286,"score_gpt":0.4035009282192678,"score_spread":0.3718955194590849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}