{"id":"W4403638525","doi":"10.1063/5.0232727","title":"Unlocking the potential of titanium and its alloys: A mini-review on innovative surface modification techniques","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP Advances","topic":"Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Impact","funders":"","keywords":"Titanium; Materials science; Titanium alloy; Surface modification; Metallurgy; Nanotechnology; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Alloy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003037711,0.0001118967,0.0001527941,0.00002685966,0.00007631507,0.00005422904,0.0001632754,0.00003258272,0.00004559597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004329511,0.00006351231,0.00002325895,0.0002445981,0.0001012165,0.0002943722,0.0000449798,0.00008188389,0.00002165501],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001491069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003377505,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001231129,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000540537,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999238,0.00006119949,0.0002105784,0.0002197054,0.0001538213,0.0001167402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995675,0.0000738501,0.00008081924,0.0001434659,0.0001206676,0.00001368238],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000171415,0.000006208349,0.000008336106,0.0005386255,0.00000725645,0.000001733924,0.0001740532,0.00001358229,0.9864675,0.004276031,0.0005364562,0.007953076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003130198,0.000117725,0.0001038938,0.001185335,0.00002281329,0.00001293055,0.000125055,0.00004457062,0.9453832,0.001255239,0.05160834,0.000109607],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4985606,0.4920835,0.0007796178,0.004547151,0.0008602893,0.0008628343,0.0001112475,0.0002596019,0.001935238],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9828424,0.0155147,0.001039217,0.0003794684,0.00006154223,0.00001480596,0.000004589903,0.00001126863,0.0001320213],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4842818,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2589957,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01923242877940896,"score_gpt":0.2891941242612921,"score_spread":0.2699616954818831,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}