{"id":"W4403701316","doi":"10.1007/s00146-024-02096-7","title":"Air Canada’s chatbot illustrates persistent agency and responsibility gap problems for AI","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AI & Society","topic":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Chatbot; Agency (philosophy); Performing arts; Business; Political science; Psychology; Public relations; Computer science; Sociology; World Wide Web; Social science; Art; Visual arts","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002094572,0.0001322812,0.0001695817,0.00001121395,0.001188307,0.0002884318,0.0001585342,0.0002270847,0.00004893135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004220163,0.0001220059,0.0002745082,0.000181709,0.0004806907,0.0003416347,0.00003375737,0.0003571263,0.0000021132],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004273279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003993179,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.459874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7287676,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984753,0.0001178569,0.0001934887,0.0003464317,0.0004033132,0.000463627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998872,0.0004258684,0.00003660782,0.0001368139,0.0003016167,0.0002271267],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002369973,0.0001141796,0.001188745,0.0005342511,0.0003713117,0.000007558262,0.4225355,0.00002807034,0.000567188,0.1704299,0.397457,0.006742547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003899439,0.0003159568,0.005503141,0.0001854067,0.0001511058,0.000001583944,0.07526932,0.001449225,0.00009339016,0.1135707,0.8024042,0.0006659591],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4013279,0.007502971,0.0001934292,0.5729674,0.001655424,0.001585508,0.0002227743,0.0002830896,0.0142616],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9870842,0.0008457859,0.0001754992,0.006888028,0.0003539862,0.00002724569,0.000008126163,0.00001608928,0.004601019],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5857564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9139618,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05961629677915112,"score_gpt":0.3567874104719398,"score_spread":0.2971711136927887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}