{"id":"W4403722358","doi":"10.1109/td48022.2026.11562712","title":"A Fast and Setting-Less Breaker Failure Backup Protection Scheme for Multi-Terminal HVDC Grids","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Circuit breaker; Backup; Terminal (telecommunication); Distribution board; Scheme (mathematics); Power-system protection; Reliability engineering; Electrical engineering; Fuse (electrical); Engineering; Computer science; Electric power system; Telecommunications; Power (physics); Physics; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001702095,0.0001533813,0.000125435,0.00008788834,0.00008078034,0.0001604276,0.00003695756,0.0001381747,0.00002987367],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001008321,0.0001320341,0.00005462598,0.0001268255,0.00001446,0.0002166703,0.00001484736,0.0001672079,0.00003234651],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000415583,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001015273,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007336737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001274441,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999298,0.00001107569,0.0001814637,0.0002298884,0.00007980237,0.0001997978],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997867,0.00001243097,0.00001238951,0.00009873287,0.00003372594,0.00005604722],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004660938,0.0000513243,0.000293304,0.007506195,0.0002667912,0.00003356735,0.001769563,0.001355365,0.2499164,0.001207498,0.009646317,0.7279071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004689044,0.00007462133,0.000438962,0.000267953,0.00001711554,0.0002351821,0.0004822448,0.9405942,0.005348647,0.00002684674,0.05177183,0.0002735241],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.129259,0.0003657547,0.8661538,0.0001936357,0.0008056425,0.001467926,0.0000294957,0.001142331,0.0005824657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9683647,0.000007699885,0.02789111,0.00001285881,0.000577183,0.0007912964,0.00001076979,0.00006755468,0.002276876],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9392388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5384194,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02008918263968525,"score_gpt":0.2474264281115739,"score_spread":0.2273372454718887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}