{"id":"W4403764194","doi":"10.24908/pceea.2023.17085","title":"Increasing Student Awareness of Complex Problems Through Systems Thinking: How (Re)Framing Can Lead to Identifying the Core Problem","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Framing (construction); Lead (geology); Psychology; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Engineering; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005522728,0.0002615245,0.0004779276,0.0007034693,0.0005961994,0.002269952,0.001585624,0.0001465032,0.00001868426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004486395,0.0001831882,0.0002058185,0.002602588,0.00003620537,0.0005099754,0.0002183144,0.0003321012,0.00001096033],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002006772,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001077843,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03131438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01725073,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9955101,0.00005984247,0.001046133,0.0005249797,0.002393529,0.0004654313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954565,0.001001941,0.0009445069,0.0003667701,0.002034235,0.0001960558],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001300008,0.0001530416,0.3014017,0.002602656,0.0006013361,0.000001576734,0.1162302,0.06087595,0.02505066,0.2669114,0.219665,0.006493486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005880825,0.0001153035,0.39525,0.01038614,0.0003131815,0.0001049181,0.07495135,0.1114149,0.001028119,0.02574869,0.3784371,0.001662257],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9559772,0.003188011,0.003944458,0.01778295,0.01007096,0.003272047,0.0001291753,0.0002584949,0.005376688],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951329,0.000004802193,0.001744647,0.0001518832,0.0003073952,0.0001043325,0.000003279313,0.00004556805,0.002505207],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2411627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987658,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1217803675349421,"score_gpt":0.3621600749480665,"score_spread":0.2403797074131244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}