{"id":"W4403765057","doi":"10.24908/pceea.2023.17066","title":"The Implementation of a Problem Formulation Project with a Sustainability Focus","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Focus (optics); Sustainability; Process management; Computer science; Management science; Engineering management; Engineering ethics; Engineering; Physics; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04859211,0.001206228,0.0009741742,0.001723932,0.00384403,0.005277482,0.00454672,0.003670528,0.01078897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05731077,0.001563179,0.001196631,0.001437116,0.002487836,0.002968335,0.005942847,0.005298727,0.002719108],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004059137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01902419,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002186506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003357851,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9682845,0.02121214,0.001256157,0.002734254,0.003945604,0.002567333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9386426,0.02182668,0.002240516,0.007371611,0.01926737,0.01065124],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002531864,0.03518854,0.006745582,0.002215848,0.0001211052,0.002282794,0.09324864,0.02690312,0.0389655,0.03285353,0.03135626,0.7275873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004516618,0.04044539,0.01501034,0.001503291,0.0001561311,0.001029051,0.08514293,0.08598468,0.05507162,0.03643141,0.6740704,0.0006381334],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2946343,0.0001096824,0.5803535,0.006372495,0.0007469733,0.08170018,0.0007814199,0.00269718,0.03260414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1774131,0.0001171434,0.7723123,0.0005534243,0.000089911,0.03663591,0.0005799306,0.0003321817,0.01196613],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04859211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2569827,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02430668738697443,"score_gpt":0.3417662842044547,"score_spread":0.3174595968174803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}