{"id":"W4403817323","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v25i4.7660","title":"Student Engagement, Community of Inquiry, and Transactional Distance in Online Learning Environments: A Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression Analysis","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Distance education; Regression analysis; Online learning; Transactional leadership; Stepwise regression; Computer science; Educational technology; Mathematics education; Sociology; Psychology; Multimedia; Social psychology; Machine learning","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0130545,0.001042505,0.0009009723,0.00220154,0.0007779021,0.002434334,0.001612161,0.0007141247,0.005092503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.048299,0.0004611366,0.002997314,0.002767292,0.0007499597,0.002501908,0.002848428,0.002601195,0.001227395],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001078076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003180403,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009133237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00666435,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9906866,0.006102752,0.0005511001,0.0008908511,0.001308501,0.0004602427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9473739,0.04061443,0.004203954,0.002011522,0.004636625,0.00115969],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007073401,0.001057964,0.8624666,0.0004812764,0.001442984,0.0003726541,0.009708246,0.004742166,0.001414361,0.003901134,0.001382111,0.1123232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001386405,0.003444816,0.7403457,0.0007842003,0.001954991,0.0006294764,0.02007557,0.2080865,0.004302686,0.009986914,0.01005351,0.0001969625],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9641618,0.0005650223,0.03112433,0.0005327305,0.0000565566,0.000489234,0.0004928132,0.0001975305,0.002379963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9834082,0.0002976877,0.01280184,0.00004479691,0.00001674559,0.0008532829,0.0003961753,0.000042825,0.002138422],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0130545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06903964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1421413955049385,"score_gpt":0.5094587078771877,"score_spread":0.3673173123722492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}