{"id":"W4403876679","doi":"10.3390/min14111094","title":"Reviving Riches: Unleashing Critical Minerals from Copper Smelter Slag Through Hybrid Bioleaching Approach","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Minerals","topic":"Metal Extraction and Bioleaching","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; National Research Council Canada; Rio Tinto (Canada); Centre Technologique des Résidus Industriels; York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Bioleaching; Smelting; Slag (welding); Copper; Metallurgy; Copper slag; Mineral; Environmental science; Mining engineering; Materials science; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00054981,0.0004310444,0.0004808509,0.0001513266,0.0001528172,0.0006212164,0.0002660038,0.0001545885,0.0004821935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002877435,0.0003633325,0.0002626188,0.0002596599,0.00005721164,0.0009360136,0.00007504866,0.0007945303,0.000389918],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001165752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001822599,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000252153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000703389,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977509,0.0001520164,0.0005979784,0.0005988586,0.0003252012,0.000575069],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989143,0.0004844209,0.00002971266,0.0003791291,0.00003234511,0.0001600836],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008083359,0.00006386587,0.00006590079,0.0006199886,0.0002136202,0.00009843353,0.001457869,0.002476514,0.8925162,0.004586574,0.08652318,0.0113698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003372208,0.00003672207,0.00004444467,0.001240726,0.0001869443,0.0001186289,0.0005136036,0.2846697,0.02678383,0.001762389,0.6830074,0.001298365],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5674738,0.03311894,0.1196536,0.001908742,0.005499551,0.0005383441,0.0002235509,0.00349878,0.2680847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9750001,0.0001985482,0.01915643,0.0006490415,0.001601548,0.00003369588,0.0001416331,0.0001173519,0.003101676],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8657324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998819,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03256546219386277,"score_gpt":0.2836890433947861,"score_spread":0.2511235812009233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}