{"id":"W4403933992","doi":"10.1075/li.00103.mel","title":"A new type of linguistic sign","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingvisticae Investigationes","topic":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Sign (mathematics); Linguistics; Type (biology); Sign language; Computer science; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Philosophy; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00147958,0.0008513534,0.0006607818,0.00188803,0.001712678,0.00566135,0.001039898,0.001684717,0.01365239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003775021,0.0004137099,0.0008804419,0.001253046,0.004836416,0.008753353,0.005117867,0.003994089,0.003010295],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001094748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001190297,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006659377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007956435,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973488,0.0009163368,0.0003145639,0.0004163591,0.0007041078,0.0002998071],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980674,0.0004629232,0.0002038525,0.0006018301,0.0005155503,0.0001485228],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007714299,0.00001964713,0.0006322134,0.0001534183,0.00001783438,0.0005518697,0.00198038,0.00022904,0.008393037,0.9398242,0.006520055,0.04160121],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007180074,0.0002480783,0.001690607,0.000323608,0.00009267617,0.002993133,0.002220024,0.00405166,0.01161105,0.2690506,0.7074721,0.0001747117],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1050191,0.002199351,0.3696031,0.00598319,0.004535844,0.00031691,0.00169141,0.002946525,0.5077045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7973118,0.001107558,0.1321195,0.001529144,0.00128476,0.0003643931,0.0008587728,0.0009459127,0.06447823],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01365239,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04567176,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04719239812723543,"score_gpt":0.3324485560021299,"score_spread":0.2852561578748945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}