{"id":"W4403993659","doi":"10.1063/5.0238577","title":"Mode transitions and spoke structures in E×B Penning discharge","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Plasmas","topic":"Plasma Diagnostics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; RES’EAU-WaterNET; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; CERN; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; University of Toronto; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Mode (computer interface); Physics; Atomic physics; Spoke-hub distribution paradigm; Engineering; Computer science; Operating system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001453549,0.00006156423,0.00009792003,0.00004118864,0.00002360057,0.000009186877,0.00004953069,0.00002261831,0.000001746301],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005925392,0.0000670168,0.00001741593,0.0001288076,0.00002146061,0.00004993531,0.00001003933,0.00007633406,0.000001411221],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007953606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007479247,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001461618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003983337,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997123,0.000002642507,0.00009536043,0.00007054927,0.00003548486,0.00008359244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998162,0.00006910997,0.000009072844,0.00007860607,0.000009233007,0.00001775507],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003191234,0.00005056582,0.001057614,0.000137137,0.00003435548,0.000001478035,0.000517183,0.2726432,0.04351742,0.6787486,0.0003063667,0.002982894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005817637,0.000008505845,0.0133208,0.0001218017,0.00004128015,0.000001225219,0.0001555357,0.5611874,0.1590404,0.264497,0.0008115193,0.0002328188],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.988261,0.00004748973,0.007918169,0.0001407059,0.00003823415,0.00007342284,0.0001083773,0.00003061942,0.003382017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997711,0.00004690919,0.002167056,0.000009084656,0.00001263079,0.00001722236,0.00001842349,0.000006549292,0.00001113002],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4142516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2732866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006271950608230274,"score_gpt":0.2307623329706864,"score_spread":0.2244903823624562,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}