{"id":"W4404028328","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stae2479","title":"The variability structure function of the highest luminosity quasars on short time-scales","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Colorado Boulder; Office of Science; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; National Taiwan University; Ministry of Education, India; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; Queen's University; Academia Sinica; Queen's University Belfast; Space Telescope Science Institute; University of Hawai'i; University of Oxford; Pennsylvania State University; University of Virginia; Carnegie Mellon University; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Notre Dame; University of Arizona; Division of Arctic Sciences; European Space Agency; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Johns Hopkins University; University of Washington; Carnegie Institution of Washington; University of Utah; U.S. Department of Energy; Smithsonian Institution; University of Wisconsin-Madison; New York University; Entomological Society of America; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; National Science and Technology Council; Diabetes Patient Advocacy Coalition; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; University of Tokyo; Ohio State University","keywords":"Physics; Quasar; Astrophysics; Luminosity; Luminosity function; Astronomy; Function (biology); Galaxy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000224326,0.000149831,0.0001618086,0.000005824578,0.0001856208,0.00003992247,0.0003874421,0.00009549288,0.00003376667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001859169,0.00007902082,0.0003619553,0.00009989074,0.0002503282,0.0000920392,0.0001091448,0.0003035929,0.00000455751],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001845122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002240968,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000467215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002285253,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990706,0.00006645861,0.0003425866,0.0001739238,0.0001696474,0.0001767968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992709,0.0002449858,0.0000611927,0.0003642052,0.00002500298,0.00003377564],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001886353,0.00002525638,0.01915045,0.00003348678,0.000127094,3.487276e-9,0.0000663927,0.9707422,0.0005641984,0.0001607056,0.001523666,0.007587737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005192095,0.00002501308,0.4235442,0.00001971966,0.00005167964,1.916612e-9,0.00003361718,0.5728155,0.002241144,0.00003936551,0.001123554,0.00005434267],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977035,0.00003529163,0.0003126862,0.0005000097,0.0007493226,0.0002334553,0.0001855145,0.00004426424,0.0002359845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991112,2.12692e-7,0.0006611715,0.00001153898,0.0001264713,0.000007793235,0.00001193691,0.00001552489,0.00005409569],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4043937,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3222376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005555991145046847,"score_gpt":0.1836850379586138,"score_spread":0.1781290468135669,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}