{"id":"W4404213672","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2024.114393","title":"Technology, economic, and environmental analysis of second-life batteries as stationary energy storage: A review","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Energy Storage","topic":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Energy storage; Environmental science; Waste management; Computer science; Environmental economics; Process engineering; Engineering; Economics; Physics; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002746745,0.0005234819,0.002788425,0.002876409,0.00004020761,0.00003357568,0.0006546419,0.0004293429,0.0007227561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006683053,0.0004427493,0.0006835846,0.0008824482,0.0002943974,0.0002738526,0.0003306712,0.0008032516,0.000009843802],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006539892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001959771,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005627986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000221366,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974607,0.00009234017,0.001479436,0.000337977,0.0003106995,0.0003188427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983724,0.0001825037,0.0007353977,0.0005377562,0.0000338682,0.0001381176],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000993722,0.00004772078,0.000005815551,0.02277512,0.01111859,0.0006211905,0.00001645471,0.004496933,0.00004555826,0.001178424,0.01425175,0.9454325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008315043,0.0001159274,0.000002242256,0.005668544,0.003627256,0.0002872284,0.00005361273,0.0003369511,0.00001949763,0.0001887614,0.9892699,0.0003470041],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002099564,0.9975333,0.001069095,0.00009376345,0.0002794405,0.0000869897,0.0004707845,0.00008509785,0.000171536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0009578945,0.9977331,0.000372303,0.00006032452,0.00008358486,0.00004193999,0.0001293125,0.0001044797,0.0005171286],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9750181,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998024,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01603279829194693,"score_gpt":0.2885315383498847,"score_spread":0.2724987400579377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}