{"id":"W4404331838","doi":"10.29173/irie528","title":"Exploring Gender Bias in Search Engines","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Information Ethics","topic":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Search engine; Information retrieval; Computer science; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009115833,0.0002723747,0.00024001,0.001346644,0.003364174,0.004681438,0.0004889717,0.001350851,0.003140456],"category_scores_gemma":[0.032207,0.0001721881,0.0001984572,0.0009150478,0.004091278,0.005113353,0.003000632,0.0008980775,0.0004880039],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00180147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001197492,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002727733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004163102,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9892944,0.007902057,0.0002185998,0.0004270314,0.001542202,0.0006156165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9688542,0.02602929,0.002369874,0.0009501533,0.001327823,0.0004686734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003599058,0.0001207186,0.1129673,0.0003526986,0.00004822663,0.002366851,0.7257414,0.0005531312,0.005267129,0.06870283,0.005083047,0.07843681],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004298775,0.0003399429,0.04875754,0.0006564736,0.00006970829,0.00420291,0.7456021,0.00560076,0.006999424,0.04511705,0.14249,0.0001211435],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9436803,0.0008886169,0.005743662,0.003551699,0.00005832537,0.00004121493,0.00006562102,0.00002686878,0.04594385],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969746,0.0001857049,0.0006377439,0.0002884932,0.00001365322,0.0000123953,0.00001768671,0.00001308512,0.001856596],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009115833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04820967,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.274491186202332,"score_gpt":0.3683936572425915,"score_spread":0.0939024710402595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}