{"id":"W4404406939","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/add0b6","title":"The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Probing Interstellar Turbulence and Precision Pulsar Timing with PSR J1903+0327","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Office of Naval Research; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Goddard Space Flight Center; Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; University of Toronto; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Pulsar; Physics; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Interstellar medium; Turbulence; Data set; Galaxy; Computer science; Meteorology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005826209,0.0003328194,0.000415705,0.0009326475,0.000434667,0.0004786006,0.0006268071,0.000429528,0.001297863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009869556,0.0001784997,0.0004009719,0.0009477793,0.0003229392,0.0003379005,0.0005981227,0.0004346604,0.0005604295],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004343609,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003543033,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01204399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02139442,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997771,0.00003556902,0.00001643664,0.00005535026,0.00007762975,0.00003788195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993369,0.0001411565,0.000130243,0.0002119214,0.00009594959,0.00008390568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001908924,0.000931376,0.763072,0.0002220764,0.0005491902,0.001353331,0.0005320482,0.07254746,0.07868741,0.003919843,0.02191971,0.05435675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002819913,0.0003013762,0.8667092,0.00002541497,0.0000895434,0.0005308512,0.0003450045,0.09308127,0.01910393,0.00145245,0.01799667,0.00008230352],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864011,0.00007308726,0.001399811,0.00008858457,0.00002009553,0.00002310064,0.009252296,0.0002391738,0.002502742],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9686257,0.00005691091,0.002070331,0.00005510742,0.00002510425,0.00003894434,0.02845202,0.0001161578,0.0005597653],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01204399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02394778,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03652673810274251,"score_gpt":0.3424286948170761,"score_spread":0.3059019567143335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}