{"id":"W4404411323","doi":"10.1109/pvsc57443.2024.10749298","title":"Capabilities of Photovoltaic Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems in Supporting the Power Grid","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wind Energy Institute of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Energy storage; Rooftop photovoltaic power station; Grid-connected photovoltaic power system; Grid; Battery storage; Photovoltaic mounting system; Battery (electricity); Solar cable; Stand-alone power system; Solar energy; Photovoltaics; Computer science; Grid energy storage; Electrical engineering; Power (physics); Distributed generation; Engineering physics; Renewable energy; Maximum power point tracking; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Engineering; Solar mirror; Physics; Voltage","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006132231,0.0001924929,0.0003409114,0.0001809235,0.00005722504,0.0001095802,0.0001620097,0.0001166463,0.0002210313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003300107,0.0001150631,0.00008428931,0.0002491433,0.0001080815,0.000159975,0.00008843773,0.0001154105,0.000005082553],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005654903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000755228,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1253732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008545713,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983606,0.0001597022,0.0005944538,0.0003151899,0.0002226322,0.0003474327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992154,0.0002645184,0.00008269191,0.000340352,0.00003543378,0.00006162901],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009368898,0.0002786014,0.008191232,0.004030102,0.0008954327,0.0007548521,0.01638456,0.1002541,0.2124757,0.5974861,0.05293345,0.006222253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005417416,0.0001846911,0.001239353,0.0009540296,0.0000450444,0.0002183036,0.01716707,0.04336452,0.02688686,0.001350334,0.9073323,0.0007157666],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9132003,0.01970431,0.001190208,0.0002475505,0.005620913,0.0001963424,0.00002888813,0.0002224794,0.05958906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867876,0.00009282456,0.00001248225,0.00007561065,0.0001983805,0.00004460167,0.000006421152,0.00003541899,0.01274669],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8543988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.880451,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007356212743087903,"score_gpt":0.2131031797264446,"score_spread":0.2057469669833567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}