{"id":"W4404494276","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-67398-6_244","title":"Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Variable Ionic Character Clays","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Character (mathematics); Rare earth; Ionic bonding; Geochemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Chemistry; Ion; Mathematics; Organic chemistry; Geometry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004451289,0.0002072119,0.0002531761,0.0001224226,0.00001744129,0.00004782859,0.00008755758,0.000250776,0.03434124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004139955,0.0002004864,0.0000876171,0.00002888611,0.000009358019,0.000172349,0.00002087658,0.0002883842,0.001924383],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000295797,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003962714,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001109411,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002858339,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991283,0.000002108577,0.0003997266,0.0001952672,0.0001660618,0.0001085002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995947,0.00003898228,0.00006509922,0.0001981662,0.00005951005,0.00004352692],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007515137,0.0000600051,0.00002283847,0.002419318,0.002688839,0.00004555139,0.0002661582,0.004433358,0.01701524,0.6540731,0.3033466,0.01555385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009073295,0.00001731092,0.00001157199,0.0002141612,0.000059336,0.000001867074,0.000005833311,0.001077295,0.001778227,0.01923733,0.9772829,0.0002234741],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007294006,0.001124092,0.001103503,0.00002189344,0.001132663,0.0001084201,0.00026971,0.0002647222,0.9959021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001561563,0.001345651,0.0008051512,0.0001065319,0.0002383039,0.000007942673,0.0004782837,0.00006992085,0.9953867],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6739363,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988527,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01409736344574207,"score_gpt":0.2162613477809893,"score_spread":0.2021639843352472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}