{"id":"W4404773668","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2024.41","title":"The reference system in product generation engineering: structuring reference system elements for advanced systems engineering based on the system triple","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Science","topic":"Product Development and Customization","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Structuring; Systems engineering; Computer science; Product (mathematics); Engineering; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0043205,0.0002623515,0.0002043276,0.0004382764,0.0006929102,0.001648657,0.0007443169,0.00004572768,8.240658e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000365894,0.0001664698,0.00003155412,0.001706592,0.00003752789,0.001041297,0.00007339646,0.000167179,0.00002803034],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006795087,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001777313,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002726116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003673866,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975411,0.00003168079,0.00054778,0.000681682,0.0006825906,0.0005152135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988676,0.000176555,0.0001855657,0.0004817234,0.0002680148,0.00002059244],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006415098,0.0000114458,0.0001035076,0.004071516,0.0000173129,0.000008825193,0.00008793253,0.4925449,0.05185495,0.448619,0.0003306168,0.002285803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000210071,0.0000108249,0.0001687264,0.001288845,0.00001533204,0.000003264449,0.0003990729,0.9902932,0.004362335,0.000003691744,0.003019778,0.0002248252],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2658851,0.00164648,0.6904946,0.000751406,0.02011855,0.01426316,0.00002640802,0.003316403,0.003497877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973097,0.000002233154,0.001256418,0.00001696535,0.0005582573,0.0007296372,0.00001787287,0.00003260199,0.00007633017],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7314246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993877,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0390436347343704,"score_gpt":0.2203796020810401,"score_spread":0.1813359673466697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}