{"id":"W4404931361","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ad8b1c","title":"MAGAZ3NE: Massive, Extremely Dusty Galaxies at z ∼ 2 Lead to Photometric Overestimation of Number Densities of the Most Massive Galaxies at 3 < z < 4*","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Durham University; W. M. Keck Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Space Telescope Science Institute; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Astronomy; Luminous infrared galaxy; Photometry (optics); Stars","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006170098,0.0001624595,0.00017864,0.0005895815,0.0001915914,0.000612648,0.0002985556,0.0001918479,0.003330236],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00171808,0.0001119486,0.0001797003,0.0003785785,0.000272228,0.0003225189,0.0005061241,0.0002136348,0.0006855515],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002691492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001022794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004183483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007800417,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997359,0.00004545534,0.0000144338,0.00008962,0.00006200731,0.00005265861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986686,0.0002788473,0.0005096933,0.0002418303,0.0001300873,0.0001710556],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001668081,0.000009467425,0.986792,0.00001355039,0.00003177722,0.00006756311,0.00009574188,0.0002767901,0.00492564,0.0002431916,0.0007869135,0.006590719],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003796208,0.000009435636,0.9964324,0.000002960725,0.00001268304,0.0001298898,0.00008588079,0.0005291984,0.001856015,0.0001378867,0.0007977903,0.000001993069],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956045,0.0001138658,0.001072106,0.00007228291,0.000005236007,0.000002887982,0.0007522953,0.0001319008,0.002244923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989958,0.00001300035,0.0002715878,0.00004295877,0.000003245831,0.000001191456,0.0002801624,0.00001084788,0.000381149],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004183483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0111407,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01043121251776784,"score_gpt":0.2287254245643072,"score_spread":0.2182942120465393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}