{"id":"W4405044938","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.001","title":"Assessment of the potential of oily sludge char for removing organics from petroleum refinery wastewater","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Waste Management Bulletin","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Imperial Oil (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Refinery; Waste management; Char; Oil refinery; Wastewater; Environmental science; Petroleum; Petroleum product; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Engineering; Coal; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000213035,0.0004104485,0.000275037,0.0003771761,0.0001837444,0.0003831615,0.0002139938,0.0003817955,0.0006012958],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002466581,0.0001681211,0.0004430007,0.0002814091,0.0001405707,0.0002205166,0.0002732336,0.000286091,0.0001920637],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003072734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002747738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002964635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005855407,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999821,0.00002257324,0.00001528788,0.00002476879,0.00008093368,0.00003548486],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998908,0.0000171635,0.00002171597,0.000006403808,0.00004851765,0.00001539013],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001460639,0.00003175408,0.0005479133,0.0001424689,0.00001163374,0.00004353475,0.00001560993,0.0003622375,0.9961538,0.00002414815,0.00002221558,0.002498633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005939671,0.0002977579,0.002290593,0.000007777706,0.0000270834,0.00005260935,0.00004561774,0.001729901,0.9950235,0.00001711486,0.0004944635,0.000007689841],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973908,0.0006081312,0.001085422,0.00003260721,0.000008470958,0.00001784996,0.0001652229,0.00002443745,0.0006670717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968713,0.0006187793,0.00129482,0.00001156163,0.000001773023,0.00001133353,0.000154284,0.000008291472,0.0010279],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002964635,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00589478,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006534755638091723,"score_gpt":0.2126887285534094,"score_spread":0.2061539729153177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}