{"id":"W4405090998","doi":"10.1057/s41267-024-00759-7","title":"Theories of firms and the emergence of multinational enterprises: the organizational and managerial implications of solving transactional problems versus creating exchange value","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Business Studies","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Opportunism; Multinational corporation; Transactional leadership; Value (mathematics); Industrial organization; Business; Ambidexterity; International business; Transaction cost; Transactional analysis; Economics; Marketing; Knowledge management; Microeconomics; Market economy; Management; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005404414,0.000103777,0.0002235512,0.0001432225,0.0001365391,0.00005507646,0.0002109209,0.00002142669,0.00005728353],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006803244,0.00006050475,0.00006679996,0.0004205955,0.00040877,0.0006524179,0.0001032915,0.00008144153,3.796314e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001552017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004844164,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008549313,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003803817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988973,0.000014451,0.0005437451,0.0001044646,0.0003729335,0.00006709197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967775,0.000595779,0.0008197385,0.00006230778,0.001740622,0.000004051801],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001460703,0.00020924,0.08301866,0.002522098,0.002086757,0.000004924463,0.005826126,0.006311756,0.002941479,0.8882427,0.001759076,0.005616461],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004030858,0.00005363866,0.9154896,0.002201613,0.0005338044,0.00004644354,0.00478207,0.005955581,0.0002830352,0.0624452,0.003931861,0.0002463264],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9166356,0.01982106,0.02814313,0.02766169,0.004393514,0.0005249017,0.0001589327,0.00002067946,0.002640468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956642,0.003399435,0.0002334016,0.00005345854,0.0005709436,0.000009290889,0.000004712173,0.000008623328,0.00005590698],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8324709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2467312,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01899757238952154,"score_gpt":0.2586242017113642,"score_spread":0.2396266293218427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}