{"id":"W4405156395","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25555","title":"Continuous packed bed column removal of Cr <sup>6+</sup> , Cd <sup>2+</sup> , and Pb <sup>2+</sup> ions from synthetic wastewater using polymeric ultra‐permeable and biodegradable ferromagnetic nanocomposite membrane","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Vaal University of Technology","keywords":"Metal ions in aqueous solution; Adsorption; Hexavalent chromium; Membrane; Packed bed; Materials science; Nanocomposite; Wastewater; Magnetic nanoparticles; Ion exchange; Metal; Nuclear chemistry; Chemical engineering; Chromium; Nanoparticle; Chromatography; Ion; Chemistry; Composite material; Metallurgy; Waste management; Nanotechnology; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001449957,0.0003509513,0.0004438455,0.0001349072,0.0001596488,0.0003321717,0.0003987812,0.0003712102,0.0004716312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001298709,0.0001838631,0.0003320685,0.0001348799,0.0001329984,0.0002010864,0.0001921896,0.0003328447,0.0002408306],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003669002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003062346,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002973206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005309049,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998558,0.00001611532,0.00001210103,0.0000391196,0.00005351637,0.00002333684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998987,0.00002188527,0.00001932502,0.000007569106,0.00003907504,0.00001346927],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009348599,0.00004405142,0.000200321,0.00005786801,0.000007315666,0.00001820625,0.000008942525,0.0001390523,0.9977657,0.00001043449,0.00003037179,0.001624144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000111275,0.0002731357,0.002053431,0.000003617346,0.00001817809,0.00003614379,0.00001465539,0.002121887,0.9949962,0.000007481624,0.0004598343,0.00000434685],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940275,0.0005259694,0.004557084,0.00004057468,0.00002544983,0.00002806212,0.0001524182,0.00009388626,0.0005490564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9871329,0.0005416537,0.008870936,0.0000476095,0.00001019674,0.00003575492,0.0002487006,0.0000149876,0.003097212],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002973206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005911767,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007408360993038906,"score_gpt":0.1828190716687693,"score_spread":0.1754107106757304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}